Strategies to enhance small-scale commercial tree-growing inside state forests in Indonesia

Wood supply shortages are evident in Indonesia's forestry sector in both high-value products, and commodity products, such as pulpwood. Small-scale tree-growing can fill some of these gaps, while enhancing local livelihoods. Focussing on degraded forest area, much of the potential land on which small-scale commercial tree growing can take place is inside state forests. Two current schemes in this context are the community forestry (Hutan Kemasyarakatan) and community-company partnership (Kemitraan) schemes. This research seeks to inform policies to enhance the implementation of small-scale commercial tree growing inside state forests by addressing four research questions: 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the two current schemes? 2. What are the benefits and costs, in both social and economic terms, of the two existing schemes in comparison to other investment options using the same lands? 3. How does this analysis suggest policies and schemes to promote small-scale commercial tree-growing in Indonesia should be designed? 4. How does this information and analysis inform decision makers on the potential contribution of timber from small-scale commercial tree growing to the wood production strategies in Indonesia? Questions 1 to 3 were addressed by analysing case studies relating to community tree-growing in the Sumbawa and Bima Districts (West Nusa Tenggara), and to the community-company partnership in Jambi (Sumatra) and Sanggau (West Kalimantan). Question 4 was addressed through a desktop analysis of demand and supply data and projections. Both schemes were developed initially to reinforce the status of state property suffering from encroachment and illegal logging. Despite their effectiveness in containing these pressures, the active involvement of the community under the two schemes remains a last option for communities, in part because of actual and transaction costs. Developing tree-growing inside state forests is complicated in comparison to tree-growing that is more commonly developed on privately-owned land. The commercial viability of these schemes has generally been unconvincing, and financial analyses suggest the conditions in which these schemes are likely to be sustainable. Social capital from the collaborative arrangements under the two schemes has allowed community access to state forests and to benefits from timber plantations, as well as a way to generate other capitals required. Wider implementation of the schemes is hampered by inconsistencies between policies and regulations in force at the national and district levels. The national policy is more important to partnership schemes, since it provides secure access and flexible management opportunities, whilst the regional autonomy exercised by the district government has provided advantages for community tree-growing. Increasing the competitiveness of returns from tree growing compared to other investment alternatives should be achieved by increasing timber productivity to the optimum level. Analysis at the national level suggests that there is a large and continuing gap between industry capacity and wood supply from Indonesia's forests. Scenario analysis suggests that the different smallholder tree-growing schemes can contribute a wood supply that is many orders of magnitude greater than the industry requirements

What drives smallholder tree growing? : Enabling conditions in a changing policy environment

Peer reviewe

Commercial community tree-growing inside state forests: An economic perspective from eastern Indonesia

Small-scale timber plantations have increasingly become an important source of wood supply in Indonesia. One important government-driven community tree-growing strategy inside state forests was initiated under the Community Forestry Scheme (CFS). The pap

ANALYSIS STUDY OF OPEN DATA IMPLEMENTATION TO IMPROVE PUBLIC POLICY MAKING PROCESS IN JAKARTA PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT BASED ON DYNAMIC GOVERNANCE

This research explained about open data implementation in Jakarta Provincial Government which is analyzed through a dynamic governance perspective. Open data is a part of government information disclosure to encourage the transparency, accountability, public participation, and also to make a policy right on the target. Jakarta Provincial Government as The Capital City of Indonesia has been implemented of open data through Data Jakarta Portal. The presence of valid and accurate data, it will certainly encourage regional development and produce policies that are right on the target. In practice, government has to be more dynamic and adaptive towards the global changing, so the government can be well prepared. The results of this study indicate that collaboration between Bappeda and Diskominfotik which is reviewed from the perspective of thinking again is not optimal. The conditions of coordination between the two institutions are still weak and the communication that exists between them is less effective. Whereas from the perspective of thinking across, Jakarta Provincial Government runs the process of thinking across by inviting open data experts from partner institutions to add capabilities, both conceptual, managerial, technical, and social capabilities. However, strengthening organizational capacity is not optimal because there is still bureaucratic fragmentation which is an obstacle. Furthermore, in the aspect of thinking ahead, even though Open Data has been included in the RPJMD, it has not specifically explained the direction and future of Open Data in Jakarta Provincial Government. Therefore it is necessary to explain explicitly and imperatively about the development of Data Jakarta Portal for the future

Where to after more than three decades? Editors

forestry research organisation established in 1993 in response to global concerns about the social, environmental, and economic consequences of forest loss and degradation. CIFOR is dedicated to developing policies and technologies for sustainable use and management of forests, and for enhancing the well-being of people in developing countries who rely on tropical forests for their livelihoods. CIFOR is one of the 15 centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). With headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia, CIFOR has regional offices in Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Zimbabwe, and it works in over 30 other countries around the world. Donors CIFOR receives its major funding from governments, international organizations, private foundations and regional organizations. In 2006, CIFOR received financia

Rehabilitasi hutan di Indonesia : akan kemanakah arahnya setelah lebih dari tiga dasawarsa?/ Edit. : Ani Adiwinata Nawir

xlii, 283 hal. : ill.; 27 cm

Participatory modelling to improve partnership schemes for future Community-Based Forest Management in Sumbawa District, Indonesia

As part of its Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) Programme, the local government of Sumbawa District in West Nusa Tenggara Province of Eastern Indonesia initiated a partnership programme between the Forestry District Agency and tree grower cooperatives in 2002. The partnership scheme aims to reduce illegal logging and forest encroachment on abandoned state plantations initially developed in 1986. However, the cooperatives have no secure full rights to harvest the mature teak trees (Tectona grandis) inside the plantations, as important incentives to maintain their commitment. This paper aims to explore the potential benefits of different scenarios, as the basis for convincing the Ministry of Forestry (MoF) to give full secure rights to the local communities. In this study, we used a participatory modelling approach, to identify problems and to define future scenarios of partnership arrangements with the local key stakeholders. This research used the concept of system dynamics modelling, which included the two concepts of systems thinking and resilience. As a management tool, the visualisation of the management alternatives and their associated impacts had stimulated the community's awareness of the importance of protecting the teak plantations from illegal logging and forest encroachment. The simulation results have also shown how granting local communities a full secure access to manage the state forest does not necessarily reduce the revenue for the government at all levels